Before reading this article, I would recommend to go through the below articles.
- Python User Defined Functions
- Local, Non Local and Global Variable Scope in Python
- Python Range Function
- Python Nested Functions and Closures
- A decorator is a function that accepts another function as an argument.
- The decorator generally modify or update the function it accepted and return the modified function.
- Decorator starts with @ symbol followed by the name of the function and need to keep this decorator one line before the function definition.
>>> def outer(funobj):
... def inner(table, max):
... print("Inner")
... funobj(table, max)
... return inner
...
>>> @outer
... def mul(table, n):
... for x in range(1, n+1):
... print(f" {table} x {x} = {x * table}")
...
>>> mul(10,10)
Inner
10 x 1 = 10
10 x 2 = 20
10 x 3 = 30
10 x 4 = 40
10 x 5 = 50
10 x 6 = 60
10 x 7 = 70
10 x 8 = 80
10 x 9 = 90
10 x 10 = 100
-----------------------------------------------------------
>>> def outer(fun):
... def inner(n):
... mylist = []
... for x in range(0,n+1):
... mylist.append(x)
... result = mylist
... return result
... return inner
...
>>> @outer
... def PrintNumber(n):
... return n
...
>>> PrintNumber(10)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> PrintNumber(5)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
-----------------------------------------------------------
>>> def outer(fun):
... def inner(name):
... upper = fun(name).upper()
... lower = fun(name).lower()
... return upper, lower
... return inner
...
>>> @outer
... def upperlower(name):
... return name
...
>>> upperlower("Girish")
('GIRISH', 'girish')
-----------------------------------------------------------
>>> def outer(fun):
... def inner(mylist):
... total = sum(mylist)
... return total
... return inner
...
>>> @outer
... def SUM(myList):
... return myList
...
>>> SUM([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])
45
-----------------------------------------------------------
>>> def outer(fun):
... def inner(mylist):
... minimum = min(mylist)
... maximum = max(mylist)
... total = sum(mylist)
... return minimum, maximum, total
... return inner
...
>>> @outer
... def MinMaxTotal(mylist):
... return myList
...
>>> MinMaxTotal([5,8,10])
(5, 10, 23)References
- https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318/
- https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html
Learn more about python features in our upcoming blog articles.
Happy Learning!